Empathy is the foundation of human-centered design. It's important because, without it, we may create a solution which we think people want, but it isn't what they want or need at all.
To empathise, you really need to understand the problem(s). To do this you:
Observe: View users and their behaviour in the context of their lives. Ask 'What is the person feeling?'
Engage: Interact with and interview users.
Immerse: Wear your users’ shoes. Experience what they experience for a little while.
photos and/or videos
written or recorded interviews
Think about how you can incorporate any of the deisgn thinking stages into any curriculum area. Once you have the mindset, it's easy. Here's a literacy example: